双语新闻：世界末日：人类只有一年时间来应对超级火山喷发

青岛希尼尔翻译咨询有限公司（www.sinosenior.com）整理发布  2016-07-24

青岛希尼尔翻译公司（www.sinosenior.com）2016年7月24日了解到：If a super-eruption were to occur, the blast would launch enough ash into the atmosphere to disrupt weather for years to follow, potentially causing famine, health crisis, and global civil unrest.

如果一座超级火山即将喷发，那么爆炸将喷射出足够多的火山灰到大气之中，从而扰乱接下来多年的天气，有可能会造成饥荒、健康危机和全球动乱。

And leading up to the catastrophic event, the world would have just one year to prepare.

而在迎来这一悲惨事件之前，人类仅仅只有一年的时间来准备应对。

Researchers have determined this based on a microscopic analysis of quartz crystals in pumice from the Bishop Tuff in California, the site of a super-eruption 760,000 years ago.

通过对加利福尼亚主教凝灰岩（76万年前此地曾发生过一场超级火山喷发）浮石中的石英晶体进行显微分析，研究者们确定了这一结论。

The ancient super-eruption in eastern California formed the Long Valley Caldera – a feature that is nearly 20 miles long and 11 miles wide.

古代东加尼福利亚这场超级火山喷发形成了长谷火山口--约20英里长，11英里宽。

In the study, the researchers from Vanderbilt University and the University of Chicago analyzed dozens of small quartz crystals, remnants from the original underground magma, from the Bishop Tuff.

在这项研究中，来自范德堡大学和芝加哥大学的研究者们分析了几十块小石英晶体，这些石英晶体采自主教凝灰岩，是地下岩浆喷射而出后的残余物质。

Quartz crystals have distinctive rims, they explain in a paper published to the journal Plos One, and are rich in titanium.

研究者们在《Plos One》期刊上发表了一篇论文，解释说这些石英晶体有不同的轮辋，并且富含钛。

Along with this, they are bright in cathodoluminescence, which allowed them to make high-resolution measurements of variation in the titanium, providing detailed insight on the transition from pre-eruptive crystallization to the decompression and crystallization at the time of the blast.

除此之外，这些石英晶体还被置于阴极射线的照射下，从而使得研究者们可以得到钛物质变动的高精确测量，进而可以详细地观察到喷发前的晶体减压、在爆炸时结晶的转化过程。

This analysis helped to determine rim growth times and growth rates – revealing that these processes largely occurred in a span of less than a year.

这项分析能够帮助确定轮辋的生长时间和生长率--而分析结果显示，这些过程大部分都发送在不到一年的时间里。

‘Maximum rim growth times span from approximately 1 minute to 35 years, with a median of approximately 4 days,’ the authors wrote.

作者们写道：“大部分轮辋的生长时间都在约1分钟到35年之间，其中中位数大约是4天。”

‘More than 70 percent of rim growth times are less than 1 year, showing that quartz rims have mostly grown in the days to months prior to eruption...

“超过70%轮辋的生长时间不足1年，这表明石英轮辋生长的时间大多截止到超级火山喷发前几个月…

’Growth took place under conditions of high supersaturation suggesting that rim growth marks the onset of decompression and the transition from pre-eruptive to syn-eruptive conditions.’

“轮辋生长只会发生在高度饱和的情况下，这表明轮辋的生长记录下了减压的开始时间，以及从爆发前到爆发时的情况变化。”

It takes tens of thousands of years for the crust to generate enough eruptible magma, but once formed, these unstable magma bodies only last for centuries to a few millennia.

地壳聚集足够喷发的岩浆需要数万年的时间，但是一旦准备完毕，这些不稳定的岩浆体就只会在地壳内存在几百年到几千年的时间。

As the decompression occurs, the magma body would likely be expanding as well, having detectable effects at the surface.

一旦减压作用发生，岩浆体就有可能膨胀，并在地表产生明显的影响。
来源:Daily Mail

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